"""NumPyro-specific conversion code."""
from collections import defaultdict
import logging
from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Dict, List, Tuple
import numpy as np
from .. import utils
from ..rcparams import rcParams
from .base import dict_to_dataset, requires
from .inference_data import InferenceData
_log = logging.getLogger(__name__)
def _add_dims(dims_a: Dict[str, List[str]], dims_b: Dict[str, List[str]]) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
merged = defaultdict(list)
for k, v in dims_a.items():
merged[k].extend(v)
for k, v in dims_b.items():
merged[k].extend(v)
# Convert back to a regular dict
return dict(merged)
def infer_dims(
model: Callable,
model_args: Optional[Tuple[Any, ...]] = None,
model_kwargs: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
from numpyro import handlers, distributions as dist
from numpyro.ops.pytree import PytreeTrace
from numpyro.infer.initialization import init_to_sample
import jax
model_args = tuple() if model_args is None else model_args
model_kwargs = dict() if model_args is None else model_kwargs
def _get_dist_name(fn):
if isinstance(fn, (dist.Independent, dist.ExpandedDistribution, dist.MaskedDistribution)):
return _get_dist_name(fn.base_dist)
return type(fn).__name__
def get_trace():
# We use `init_to_sample` to get around ImproperUniform distribution,
# which does not have `sample` method.
subs_model = handlers.substitute(
handlers.seed(model, 0),
substitute_fn=init_to_sample,
)
trace = handlers.trace(subs_model).get_trace(*model_args, **model_kwargs)
# Work around an issue where jax.eval_shape does not work
# for distribution output (e.g. the function `lambda: dist.Normal(0, 1)`)
# Here we will remove `fn` and store its name in the trace.
for _, site in trace.items():
if site["type"] == "sample":
site["fn_name"] = _get_dist_name(site.pop("fn"))
elif site["type"] == "deterministic":
site["fn_name"] = "Deterministic"
return PytreeTrace(trace)
# We use eval_shape to avoid any array computation.
trace = jax.eval_shape(get_trace).trace
named_dims = {}
for name, site in trace.items():
batch_dims = [frame.name for frame in sorted(site["cond_indep_stack"], key=lambda x: x.dim)]
event_dims = list(site.get("infer", {}).get("event_dims", []))
if site["type"] in ["sample", "deterministic"] and (batch_dims or event_dims):
named_dims[name] = batch_dims + event_dims
return named_dims
class NumPyroConverter:
"""Encapsulate NumPyro specific logic."""
# pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes
model = None # type: Optional[Callable]
nchains = None # type: int
ndraws = None # type: int
def __init__(
self,
*,
posterior=None,
prior=None,
posterior_predictive=None,
predictions=None,
constant_data=None,
predictions_constant_data=None,
log_likelihood=None,
index_origin=None,
coords=None,
dims=None,
pred_dims=None,
extra_event_dims=None,
num_chains=1,
):
"""Convert NumPyro data into an InferenceData object.
Parameters
----------
posterior : numpyro.mcmc.MCMC
Fitted MCMC object from NumPyro
prior: dict
Prior samples from a NumPyro model
posterior_predictive : dict
Posterior predictive samples for the posterior
predictions: dict
Out of sample predictions
constant_data: dict
Dictionary containing constant data variables mapped to their values.
predictions_constant_data: dict
Constant data used for out-of-sample predictions.
index_origin : int, optional
coords : dict[str] -> list[str]
Map of dimensions to coordinates
dims : dict[str] -> list[str]
Map variable names to their coordinates. Will be inferred if they are not provided.
pred_dims: dict
Dims for predictions data. Map variable names to their coordinates.
extra_event_dims: dict
Extra event dims for deterministic sites. Maps event dims that couldnt be inferred to
their coordinates.
num_chains: int
Number of chains used for sampling. Ignored if posterior is present.
"""
import jax
import numpyro
self.posterior = posterior
self.prior = jax.device_get(prior)
self.posterior_predictive = jax.device_get(posterior_predictive)
self.predictions = predictions
self.constant_data = constant_data
self.predictions_constant_data = predictions_constant_data
self.log_likelihood = (
rcParams["data.log_likelihood"] if log_likelihood is None else log_likelihood
)
self.index_origin = rcParams["data.index_origin"] if index_origin is None else index_origin
self.coords = coords
self.dims = dims
self.pred_dims = pred_dims
self.extra_event_dims = extra_event_dims
self.numpyro = numpyro
def arbitrary_element(dct):
return next(iter(dct.values()))
if posterior is not None:
samples = jax.device_get(self.posterior.get_samples(group_by_chain=True))
if hasattr(samples, "_asdict"):
# In case it is easy to convert to a dictionary, as in the case of namedtuples
samples = samples._asdict()
if not isinstance(samples, dict):
# handle the case we run MCMC with a general potential_fn
# (instead of a NumPyro model) whose args is not a dictionary
# (e.g. f(x) = x ** 2)
tree_flatten_samples = jax.tree_util.tree_flatten(samples)[0]
samples = {
f"Param:{i}": jax.device_get(v) for i, v in enumerate(tree_flatten_samples)
}
self._samples = samples
self.nchains, self.ndraws = (
posterior.num_chains,
posterior.num_samples // posterior.thinning,
)
self.model = self.posterior.sampler.model
# model arguments and keyword arguments
self._args = self.posterior._args # pylint: disable=protected-access
self._kwargs = self.posterior._kwargs # pylint: disable=protected-access
self.dims = self.dims if self.dims is not None else self.infer_dims()
self.pred_dims = (
self.pred_dims if self.pred_dims is not None else self.infer_pred_dims()
)
else:
self.nchains = num_chains
get_from = None
if predictions is not None:
get_from = predictions
elif posterior_predictive is not None:
get_from = posterior_predictive
elif prior is not None:
get_from = prior
if get_from is None and constant_data is None and predictions_constant_data is None:
raise ValueError(
"When constructing InferenceData must have at least"
" one of posterior, prior, posterior_predictive or predictions."
)
if get_from is not None:
aelem = arbitrary_element(get_from)
self.ndraws = aelem.shape[0] // self.nchains
observations = {}
if self.model is not None:
# we need to use an init strategy to generate random samples for ImproperUniform sites
seeded_model = numpyro.handlers.substitute(
numpyro.handlers.seed(self.model, jax.random.PRNGKey(0)),
substitute_fn=numpyro.infer.init_to_sample,
)
trace = numpyro.handlers.trace(seeded_model).get_trace(*self._args, **self._kwargs)
observations = {
name: site["value"]
for name, site in trace.items()
if site["type"] == "sample" and site["is_observed"]
}
self.observations = observations if observations else None
@requires("posterior")
def posterior_to_xarray(self):
"""Convert the posterior to an xarray dataset."""
data = self._samples
return dict_to_dataset(
data,
library=self.numpyro,
coords=self.coords,
dims=self.dims,
index_origin=self.index_origin,
)
@requires("posterior")
def sample_stats_to_xarray(self):
"""Extract sample_stats from NumPyro posterior."""
rename_key = {
"potential_energy": "lp",
"adapt_state.step_size": "step_size",
"num_steps": "n_steps",
"accept_prob": "acceptance_rate",
}
data = {}
for stat, value in self.posterior.get_extra_fields(group_by_chain=True).items():
if isinstance(value, (dict, tuple)):
continue
name = rename_key.get(stat, stat)
value = value.copy()
if stat == "potential_energy":
data[name] = -value
else:
data[name] = value
if stat == "num_steps":
data["tree_depth"] = np.log2(value).astype(int) + 1
return dict_to_dataset(
data,
library=self.numpyro,
dims=None,
coords=self.coords,
index_origin=self.index_origin,
)
@requires("posterior")
@requires("model")
def log_likelihood_to_xarray(self):
"""Extract log likelihood from NumPyro posterior."""
if not self.log_likelihood:
return None
data = {}
if self.observations is not None:
samples = self.posterior.get_samples(group_by_chain=False)
if hasattr(samples, "_asdict"):
samples = samples._asdict()
log_likelihood_dict = self.numpyro.infer.log_likelihood(
self.model, samples, *self._args, **self._kwargs
)
for obs_name, log_like in log_likelihood_dict.items():
shape = (self.nchains, self.ndraws) + log_like.shape[1:]
data[obs_name] = np.reshape(np.asarray(log_like), shape)
return dict_to_dataset(
data,
library=self.numpyro,
dims=self.dims,
coords=self.coords,
index_origin=self.index_origin,
skip_event_dims=True,
)
def translate_posterior_predictive_dict_to_xarray(self, dct, dims):
"""Convert posterior_predictive or prediction samples to xarray."""
data = {}
for k, ary in dct.items():
shape = ary.shape
if shape[0] == self.nchains and shape[1] == self.ndraws:
data[k] = ary
elif shape[0] == self.nchains * self.ndraws:
data[k] = ary.reshape((self.nchains, self.ndraws, *shape[1:]))
else:
data[k] = utils.expand_dims(ary)
_log.warning(
"posterior predictive shape not compatible with number of chains and draws. "
"This can mean that some draws or even whole chains are not represented."
)
return dict_to_dataset(
data,
library=self.numpyro,
coords=self.coords,
dims=dims,
index_origin=self.index_origin,
)
@requires("posterior_predictive")
def posterior_predictive_to_xarray(self):
"""Convert posterior_predictive samples to xarray."""
return self.translate_posterior_predictive_dict_to_xarray(
self.posterior_predictive, self.dims
)
@requires("predictions")
def predictions_to_xarray(self):
"""Convert predictions to xarray."""
return self.translate_posterior_predictive_dict_to_xarray(self.predictions, self.pred_dims)
def priors_to_xarray(self):
"""Convert prior samples (and if possible prior predictive too) to xarray."""
if self.prior is None:
return {"prior": None, "prior_predictive": None}
if self.posterior is not None:
prior_vars = list(self._samples.keys())
prior_predictive_vars = [key for key in self.prior.keys() if key not in prior_vars]
else:
prior_vars = self.prior.keys()
prior_predictive_vars = None
priors_dict = {
group: (
None
if var_names is None
else dict_to_dataset(
{k: utils.expand_dims(self.prior[k]) for k in var_names},
library=self.numpyro,
coords=self.coords,
dims=self.dims,
index_origin=self.index_origin,
)
)
for group, var_names in zip(
("prior", "prior_predictive"), (prior_vars, prior_predictive_vars)
)
}
return priors_dict
@requires("observations")
@requires("model")
def observed_data_to_xarray(self):
"""Convert observed data to xarray."""
return dict_to_dataset(
self.observations,
library=self.numpyro,
dims=self.dims,
coords=self.coords,
default_dims=[],
index_origin=self.index_origin,
)
@requires("constant_data")
def constant_data_to_xarray(self):
"""Convert constant_data to xarray."""
return dict_to_dataset(
self.constant_data,
library=self.numpyro,
dims=self.dims,
coords=self.coords,
default_dims=[],
index_origin=self.index_origin,
)
@requires("predictions_constant_data")
def predictions_constant_data_to_xarray(self):
"""Convert predictions_constant_data to xarray."""
return dict_to_dataset(
self.predictions_constant_data,
library=self.numpyro,
dims=self.pred_dims,
coords=self.coords,
default_dims=[],
index_origin=self.index_origin,
)
def to_inference_data(self):
"""Convert all available data to an InferenceData object.
Note that if groups can not be created (i.e., there is no `trace`, so
the `posterior` and `sample_stats` can not be extracted), then the InferenceData
will not have those groups.
"""
return InferenceData(
**{
"posterior": self.posterior_to_xarray(),
"sample_stats": self.sample_stats_to_xarray(),
"log_likelihood": self.log_likelihood_to_xarray(),
"posterior_predictive": self.posterior_predictive_to_xarray(),
"predictions": self.predictions_to_xarray(),
**self.priors_to_xarray(),
"observed_data": self.observed_data_to_xarray(),
"constant_data": self.constant_data_to_xarray(),
"predictions_constant_data": self.predictions_constant_data_to_xarray(),
}
)
@requires("posterior")
@requires("model")
def infer_dims(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
dims = infer_dims(self.model, self._args, self._kwargs)
if self.extra_event_dims:
dims = _add_dims(dims, self.extra_event_dims)
return dims
@requires("posterior")
@requires("model")
@requires("predictions")
def infer_pred_dims(self) -> Dict[str, List[str]]:
dims = infer_dims(self.model, self._args, self._kwargs)
if self.extra_event_dims:
dims = _add_dims(dims, self.extra_event_dims)
return dims
[docs]
def from_numpyro(
posterior=None,
*,
prior=None,
posterior_predictive=None,
predictions=None,
constant_data=None,
predictions_constant_data=None,
log_likelihood=None,
index_origin=None,
coords=None,
dims=None,
pred_dims=None,
extra_event_dims=None,
num_chains=1,
):
"""Convert NumPyro data into an InferenceData object.
If no dims are provided, this will infer batch dim names from NumPyro model plates.
For event dim names, such as with the ZeroSumNormal, `infer={"event_dims":dim_names}`
can be provided in numpyro.sample, i.e.::
# equivalent to dims entry, {"gamma": ["groups"]}
gamma = numpyro.sample(
"gamma",
dist.ZeroSumNormal(1, event_shape=(n_groups,)),
infer={"event_dims":["groups"]}
)
There is also an additional `extra_event_dims` input to cover any edge cases, for instance
deterministic sites with event dims (which dont have an `infer` argument to provide metadata).
For a usage example read the
:ref:`Creating InferenceData section on from_numpyro <creating_InferenceData>`
Parameters
----------
posterior : numpyro.mcmc.MCMC
Fitted MCMC object from NumPyro
prior: dict
Prior samples from a NumPyro model
posterior_predictive : dict
Posterior predictive samples for the posterior
predictions: dict
Out of sample predictions
constant_data: dict
Dictionary containing constant data variables mapped to their values.
predictions_constant_data: dict
Constant data used for out-of-sample predictions.
index_origin : int, optional
coords : dict[str] -> list[str]
Map of dimensions to coordinates
dims : dict[str] -> list[str]
Map variable names to their coordinates. Will be inferred if they are not provided.
pred_dims: dict
Dims for predictions data. Map variable names to their coordinates. Default behavior is to
infer dims if this is not provided
num_chains: int
Number of chains used for sampling. Ignored if posterior is present.
"""
return NumPyroConverter(
posterior=posterior,
prior=prior,
posterior_predictive=posterior_predictive,
predictions=predictions,
constant_data=constant_data,
predictions_constant_data=predictions_constant_data,
log_likelihood=log_likelihood,
index_origin=index_origin,
coords=coords,
dims=dims,
pred_dims=pred_dims,
extra_event_dims=extra_event_dims,
num_chains=num_chains,
).to_inference_data()
